GENEVA (AFP) - The United States fell to second place behind Singapore in the World Economic Forum's flagship Global Competitiveness Report, with the slippage linked in part to US President Donald Trump's trade wars.

The WEF, organiser of the glitzy annual gathering of business and political elite in Davos, has released an annual competitiveness report since 1979 that assesses which economies are well placed to see productivity and long-term growth.

While the report noted that the US "remains an innovation powerhouse" and the world's second most competitive economy, some trouble signs have emerged, the WEF said.

"There are no two ways (about) it. It is important to ensure the countries are being open to trade," said Ms Saadia Zahidi, a WEF managing director, when asked to comment on the impact of the tariffs imposed by the Trump administration.

She noted the lack of "hard data" on the impact of US tariffs imposed on several of its main economic partners, as the set of products impacted remains limited compared to overall trade.

But, she said, "the sentiment" surrounding investing in the US "has been going down", she told reporters in Geneva.

"That will end up impacting long-term investment; that will end up impacting how decision-makers are thinking; that will end up impacting the view of non-American business leaders (of) the United States. So it does matter in the long term," she added.

The WEF's competitiveness report relies in part of executive surveys, in addition to hard economic data.

Ms Zahidi said that the US had also fallen in the rankings because healthy life expectancy in the country was now lower than in China.

In data published last year, the World Health Organisation said that a newborn in China could expect 68.7 years of healthy living, compared to 68.5 for American newborns.

SINGAPORE SURGE

The report measures competitiveness on a scale of zero to 100 based on factors that include infrastructure, health, the labour market, the financial system, quality of public institutions and economic openness.

Singapore scored 84.8 out of 100, but the WEF noted that the country had benefited from trade diversion through its ports triggered by the tariff battles between the world's top economies.

At 83.7, the US slipped from a score of 85.6 in 2018.

Hong Kong rose four spots to claim third place with a score of 83.1, but the WEF said the data used in the report was collected before waves of pro-democracy protests began shaking the financial hub.

The Netherlands finished fourth - up two slots from last year - while Switzerland came in fifth place.