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Expressed Emotion in Families of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy and Down Syndrome: Relations with Parenting Stress and Parenting Behaviors

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Abstract

This study examined the family emotional climate as assessed by Five Minute Speech Samples and the relation with parenting stress and parenting behaviors among parents of children (6–17 years, 64.7% boys) with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and without any known disability (n = 447). The large majority of parents (79%) showed low levels of Expressed Emotion, an indicator of a positive family climate. In all groups, more Emotional Over-involvement, more Criticism and fewer expressions of Warmth were associated with higher levels of parenting stress. Across groups, Emotional Over-involvement was related to more autonomy-supportive parenting, Criticism to more psychologically controlling and overreactive parenting, and Warmth was associated with more responsive and less psychologically controlling and overreactive parenting.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a BOF Starting Grant BOFSTA2017004601, by Grant GV/B-202 from the Marguerite-Marie Delacroix Support Fund and Grants FWO 12B4614N and 11X6516N from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Lana E. De Clercq & Sarah S. W. De Pauw

  2. Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Peter Prinzie

  3. Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Petra Warreyn

  4. Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Bart Soenens & Lisa M. Dieleman

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  6. Sarah S. W. De Pauw
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. FMSS collection and coding were performed by LED and two research assistants. The data analysis was performed by LED and the research findings were discussed with all authors. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript, and read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lana E. De Clercq.

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De Clercq, L.E., Prinzie, P., Warreyn, P. et al. Expressed Emotion in Families of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy and Down Syndrome: Relations with Parenting Stress and Parenting Behaviors. J Autism Dev Disord 52, 1789–1806 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05075-9

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