Towards a better conceptual understanding of how students learn business research methods

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2023.0022

Abstract

Business graduates need a solid understanding of research methods, for example to make decisions based on empirical evidence. As a meta-analytic review by Earley (2014) shows, we are lacking sufficient empirical information on what influences research methods education and a solid conceptual understanding of what these influential factors mean for student learning. This research begins to fill this gap by presenting results from interviewing 18 lecturers in undergraduate programmes in Business and Management. The findings are linked to Paul R. Pintrich’s framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning (Pintrich, 2004). The major findings include that aspects related to why students are doing specific learning tasks and the concept of self-efficacy play important roles. Other themes of the meta-analytic review by Earley are discussed, for example students’ anxiety, poor attitudes, and misconceptions about research. The study concludes by making recommendations for future research.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Stefan Kueenzi, HWZ University of Applied Sciences in Business Administration

Stefan Kueenzi, DBA, is Senior Lecturer at HWZ University of Applied Sciences in Business Administration, Zurich (Switzerland). He is also Educational Developer with the School for Continuing Education at ETH Zurich. His research interests include problems in leadership, management and learning in higher education.

References

Adedokun, O. A., Bessenbacher, A. B., Parker, L. C., Kirkham, L. L., & Burgess, W. D. (2013). Research skills and STEM undergraduate research students' aspirations for research careers: Mediating effects of research self-efficacy. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(8), 940-951.

https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21102

Anderson, L., Hibbert, P., Mason, K., & Rivers, C. (2018). Management Education in Turbulent Times. Journal of Management Education, 42(4), 423-440.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562918779421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562918779421

Azar, H. K., Lavasani, M. G., Malahmadi, E., & Amani, J. (2010). The role of self-efficacy, task value, and achievement goals in predicting learning approaches and mathematics achievement. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 942-947.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.214

Ball, C., & Pelco, L. (2006). Teaching research methods to undergraduate psychology students using an active cooperative learning approach. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17(2), 147-154.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Bandura, A., & Schunk, D. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(3), 586-598.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.3.586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.3.586

Bartunek, J. M., & Rynes, S. L. (2014). Academics and Practitioners Are Alike and Unlike: The Paradoxes of Academic-Practitioner Relationships. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1181-1201.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314529160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314529160

Braguglia, K., & Jackson, K. (2012). Teaching Research Methodology Using a Project-Based Three Course Sequence Critical Reflections on Practice. Americal Journal of Business Education, 5(3), 347-353.

https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v5i3.7007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v5i3.7007

Briggs, L. T., Brown, S. E., Gardner, R. B., & Davidson, R. L. (2009). D.RA.MA: An extended conceptualization of student anxiety in criminal justice research methods courses. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 20(3), 217-226.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10511250903109348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10511250903109348

Burke, L. A., & Rau, B. (2010). The research-teaching gap in management. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 9(1), 132-143.

https://doi.org/10.5465/AMLE.2010.48661196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMLE.2010.48661196

Burkley, E., & Burkley, M. (2009). Mythbusters: A Tool for Teaching Research Methods in Psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 36(3), 179-184.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280902739586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280902739586

Chirkov, V. I. (2009). A cross-cultural analysis of autonomy in education: A self-determination theory perspective. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 253-262.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878509104330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878509104330

Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (1993). Die Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation und ihre Bedeutung für die Pädagogik. Zeitschrift Für Pädagogik, 39(2), 223-238.

Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (1994). Promoting Self-determined Education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 38(1), 3-14.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0031383940380101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0031383940380101

Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. Van Lange, A. Kruglanski, & E. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 416-436). London, UK: Sage Publications.

https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n21

Deem, R., & Lucas, L. (2006). Learning about research: Exploring the learning and teaching/research relationship amongst educational practitioners studying in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 11(1), 1-18.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510500400040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510500400040

Earley, M. A. (2014). A synthesis of the literature on research methods education. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(3), 242-253.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.860105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.860105

Garcia, T., & Pintrich, P. R. (1994). Regulating motivation and cognition in the classroom: The role of self-schemas and self-regulatory strategies. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications (pp. 127-153). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203763353-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203763353-6

Hidi, S., & Ainley, M. (2007). Interest and self-regulation: relationships between two variables that influence learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: theory, research, and applications (pp. 77-109). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Joo, Y. J., Oh, E., & Kim, S. M. (2015). Motivation, instructional design, flow, and academic achievement at a Korean online university: a structural equation modeling study. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 27(1), 28-46.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-015-9090-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-015-9090-9

Keyton, J. (2001). Integrating service‐learning in the research methods course. Southern Communication Journal, 66(3), 201-210.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10417940109373199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10417940109373199

Lane, A. M. (2004). Self-Efficacy and Research Methods. The Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport and Tourism, 3(2), 25-37.

https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.32.59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.32.59

MacLellan, E. (2005). Conceptual learning: The priority for higher education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(2), 129-147.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2005.00287.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2005.00287.x

Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse - Grundlagen und Techniken (12th ed.). Beltz Verlag.

Meyer, J. H. F., Shanahan, M. P., & Laugksch, R. C. (2005). Students' conceptions of research. A qualitative and quantitative analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 49(3), 225-244.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830500109535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830500109535

Montcalm, D. (1999). Applying Bandura ' s Theory of Self-Efficacy to the Teaching of Research. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 19(1/2), 93-107.

https://doi.org/10.1300/J067v19n01_08 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J067v19n01_08

Moulding, L. R., & Hadley, K. M. (2010). Graduate Students' Understanding of Educational Research in a Master of Education Program. In New Horizons in Education (Vol. 58, Issue 1).

Murtonen, M., & Lehtinen, E. (2005). Conceptions of research and methodology learning. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 49(3), 217-224.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830500109519 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830500109519

Nind, M., Holmes, M., Insenga, M., Lewthwaite, S., & Sutton, C. (2020). Student perspectives on learning research methods in the social sciences. Teaching in Higher Education, 25(7), 797-811.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1592150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1592150

Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Slate, J. R., & Schwartz, R. A. (2001). Role of study skills in graduate-level educational research courses. Journal of Educational Research, 94(4), 238-246.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670109598757 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670109598757

Papanastasiou, E. C. (2005). Factors Structure of The Attitudes Toward Research Scale. Statistics Education Research Journal, 4(1), 16-26.

https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v4i1.523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v4i1.523

Papanastasiou, E. C., & Zembylas, M. (2008). Anxiety in undergraduate research methods courses: Its nature and implications. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 31(2), 155-167.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17437270802124616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17437270802124616

Peng, C. (2012). Self-regulated Learning Behavior of College Students of Art and Their Academic Achievement. Physics Procedia, 33, 1451-1455.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.05.237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.05.237

Pintrich, P. R. (1999). The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining self-regulated learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 459-470.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00015-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00015-4

Pintrich, P. R. (2003). A Motivational Science Perspective on the Role of Student Motivation in Learning and Teaching Contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 667-686.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.667

Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385-407.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x

Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and Self-Regulated Learning Components of Classroom Academic Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33-40.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33

Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A Manual for the Use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ).

Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1993). Reliability and predictive validity of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 801-813.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164493053003024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164493053003024

Pintrich, P. R., & Zusho, A. (2002). The Development of Academic Self-Regulation: The Role of Cognitive and Motivational Factors. In A. Wigfield & Eccles. J.S. (Eds.), Development of achievement motivation (pp. 249-284).

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012750053-9/50012-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012750053-9/50012-7

Reeve, J., Ryan, R., Deci, E. L., & Jang, H. (2007). Understanding and promoting autonomous self-regulation: a self-determination theory perspective. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmermann (Eds.), Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning: theory, research, and applications (pp. 223-244). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of university students' academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 353-387.

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026838 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026838

Ryan, M., Saunders, C., Rainsford, E., & Thompson, E. (2014). Improving Research Methods Teaching and Learning in Politics and International Relations: A "Reality Show" Approach. Politics, 34(1), 85-97.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12020

Ryan, R., Connell, J., & Plant, R. (1990). Emotions in nondirected text learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 2(1), 1-17.

https://doi.org/10.1016/1041-6080(90)90014-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1041-6080(90)90014-8

Sansone, C., & Thoman, D. B. (2006). Interest as the Missing Motivator in Self-Regulation. European Psychologist, 10(3), 175-186.

https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.10.3.175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.10.3.175

Schiefele, U., & Krapp, A. (1992). Interest as a Predictor of Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of Research. In K. Renninger, S. Hidi, & A. Krapp (Eds.), The Role of interest in Learning and Development (pp. 183-212). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_2

https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653133

Schunk, D. H. (1995). Self-efficacy, motivation, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7(2), 112-137.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209508406961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209508406961

Schunk, D. H. (1996). Self-efficacy for learning and performance. The Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, 2-25.

Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2012). Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications (1st ed.). Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203831076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203831076

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business - A Skill-Building Approach. Chickester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Sizemore, O. J., & Lewandowski, G. W. (2009). Learning Might Not Equal Liking: Research Methods Course Changes Knowledge but Not Attitudes. Teaching of Psychology, 36(2), 90-95.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280902739727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280902739727

Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating learning, performance, and persistence: The synergistic effects of intrinsic goal contents and autonomy-supportive contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 246-260.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246

Vittengl, J. R., Bosley, C. Y., Brescia, S. A., Eckardt, E. A., Neidig, J. M., Shelver, K. S., & Sapenoff, L. A. (2004). Why are Some Undergraduates More (and others Less) Interested in Psychological Research? Teaching of Psychology, 31(2), 91-97.

https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3102_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3102_3

Wagner, C., Garner, M., & Kawulich, B. (2011). The state of the art of teaching research methods in the social sciences: Towards a pedagogical culture. Studies in Higher Education, 36(1), 75-88.

https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903452594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903452594

Winn, S. (1995). Learning by Doing: Teaching research methods through student participation in a commissioned research project. Studies in Higher Education, 20(2), 203-214.

https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079512331381703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079512331381703

Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3-17.

https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2501_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2501_2

Zimmerman, B. J. (2007). Goal setting: a key proactive source of academic self-regulation. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: theory, research, and applications (pp. 267-295). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2007). Motivation: An essential dimension of self-regulated learning. In Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning: Theory, Research, and Applications (1st ed., pp. 1-30). Routledge.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-18

How to Cite

Kueenzi, S. (2023). Towards a better conceptual understanding of how students learn business research methods. Journal of Management and Business Education, 6(3), 415–431. https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2023.0022

Issue

Section

Articles