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Theoretische onderbouwing: risicofactoren voor crimineel gedrag en maatregelen ter vermindering van recidive

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Gezinstherapie Wereldwijd Aims and scope

Samenvatting

Theoretische inzichten in de bredere wisselwerking tussen jongeren en hun omgeving zijn van vitaal belang voor het beoordelen van het risico op crimineel gedrag, alsmede voor en de daarmee samenhangende inzet van maatregelen. Vanuit deze benadering van ‘het individu in zijn omgeving’, komen in dit artikel zowel theorieën aan bod over risicofactoren voor crimineel gedrag op basis van individuele kenmerken, als ook theorieën over risicofactoren die gerelateerd zijn aan het gezin, de vriendenkring (peers) en de leefgemeenschap van de jongere; theorieën die uitgaan van de verwevenheid van het individu met zijn omgeving. Verder besteden we in dit artikel aandacht aan het theoretisch overzicht van Carpiano en Daley, van maatregelen die worden ingezet ter vermindering van recidive. Dit overzicht opent met het brede ecologische kader, waarna de focus steeds verder wordt versmald, tot op het niveau van de cognitieve processen die gedachten en gedragingen beïnvloeden. Het theoretisch kader van de risicokenmerken biedt inzicht in de context waarin minderjarigen delicten plegen, en het voorziet in aanknopingspunten voor de jeugdhulp en jeugdreclassering. Het theoretisch kader voor (reclasserings)maatregelen omvat ook de verwevenheid van jongeren met hun omgeving en het sociaal leren (social learning). Reclasseringswerkers zijn in de praktijk belast met het beoordelen van cliënten; ter bepaling van risicofactoren, het opstellen van behandeldoelen en het doorverwijzen naar gespecialiseerde justitiële diensten of jeugdhulpaanbieders. Voor deze praktijkmedewerkers en -instellingen is het van groot belang dat hun interventies en beoordelingsmiddelen theoretisch goed onderbouwd zijn en daarbij rekening is gehouden met alle relevante facetten, dus zowel met kenmerken van de jongere zelf als met kenmerken van het gezin, de vriendenkring en de gemeenschap waartoe hij of zij behoort.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, 2217 South 3rd Street, 40292, Louisville, KY, Verenigde Staten

    Andrew M. Winters

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  1. Andrew M. Winters
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Correspondence to Andrew M. Winters.

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This material was originally published in English as Theoretical Foundations: Delinquency Risk Factors and Services Aimed at Reducing Ongoing Offending. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal (2020) 37:263–269. Copyright 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. Vertaling: Elsewietske Biever-van Asseldonk.

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Winters, A.M. Theoretische onderbouwing: risicofactoren voor crimineel gedrag en maatregelen ter vermindering van recidive. Gezinstherapie Wereldwijd 31, 372–385 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12440-020-00136-4

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