draft-ietf-drip-reqs-08.txt		draft-ietf-drip-reqs-09.txt
	DRIP S. Card, Ed.		DRIP S. Card, Ed.
	Internet-Draft A. Wiethuechter		Internet-Draft A. Wiethuechter
	Intended status: Informational AX Enterprize		Intended status: Informational AX Enterprize
	Expires: 20 August 2021 R. Moskowitz		Expires: 21 August 2021 R. Moskowitz
	HTT Consulting		HTT Consulting
	A. Gurtov		A. Gurtov
	Linköping University		Linköping University
	16 February 2021		17 February 2021
	Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP) Requirements		Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP) Requirements
	draft-ietf-drip-reqs-08		draft-ietf-drip-reqs-09
	Abstract		Abstract
	This document defines terminology and requirements for Drone Remote		This document defines terminology and requirements for Drone Remote
	Identification Protocol (DRIP) Working Group solutions to support		Identification Protocol (DRIP) Working Group solutions to support
	Unmanned Aircraft System Remote Identification and tracking (UAS RID)		Unmanned Aircraft System Remote Identification and tracking (UAS RID)
	for security, safety, and other purposes. Complementing external		for security, safety, and other purposes. Complementing external
	technical standards as regulator-accepted means of compliance with		technical standards as regulator-accepted means of compliance with
	UAS RID regulations, DRIP will facilitate use of existing Internet		UAS RID regulations, DRIP will facilitate use of existing Internet
	resources to support RID and to enable enhanced related services, and		resources to support RID and to enable enhanced related services, and
	skipping to change at page 1, line 42 ¶		skipping to change at page 1, line 42 ¶
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute		Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
	working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-		working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
	Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.		Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
	Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months		Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	This Internet-Draft will expire on 20 August 2021.		This Internet-Draft will expire on 21 August 2021.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the		Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
	document authors. All rights reserved.		document authors. All rights reserved.
	This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal		This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
	Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/		Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
	license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.		license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
	Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights		Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
	skipping to change at page 2, line 41 ¶		skipping to change at page 2, line 41 ¶
	4.2. Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30		4.2. Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
	4.3. Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31		4.3. Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
	4.4. Registries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33		4.4. Registries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
	5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34		5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
	6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34		6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
	7. Privacy and Transparency Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 35		7. Privacy and Transparency Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 35
	8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36		8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
	8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36		8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
	8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36		8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
	Appendix A. Discussion and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39		Appendix A. Discussion and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
	Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40		Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
	Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40		Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	1.1. Motivation and External Influences		1.1. Motivation and External Influences
	Many considerations (especially safety and security) necessitate		Many considerations (especially safety and security) necessitate
	Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Remote Identification and tracking		Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Remote Identification and tracking
	(RID).		(RID).
	Unmanned Aircraft (UA) may be fixed wing, rotary wing (e.g.,		Unmanned Aircraft (UA) may be fixed wing, rotary wing (e.g.,
	skipping to change at page 6, line 34 ¶		skipping to change at page 6, line 34 ¶
	mandating both Broadcast and Network one-way to Observers, they will		mandating both Broadcast and Network one-way to Observers, they will
	use V2V to other UAS (also likely to and/or from some manned		use V2V to other UAS (also likely to and/or from some manned
	aircraft). These reflect the broad scope of the European Union (EU)		aircraft). These reflect the broad scope of the European Union (EU)
	U-space concept, as being developed in the Single European Sky ATM		U-space concept, as being developed in the Single European Sky ATM
	Research (SESAR) Joint Undertaking, the U-space architectural		Research (SESAR) Joint Undertaking, the U-space architectural
	principles of which are outlined in [InitialView].		principles of which are outlined in [InitialView].
	ASD-STAN is an Associated Body to CEN (European Committee for		ASD-STAN is an Associated Body to CEN (European Committee for
	Standardization) for Aerospace Standards. It is publishing an EU		Standardization) for Aerospace Standards. It is publishing an EU
	standard "Aerospace series - Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Part 002:		standard "Aerospace series - Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Part 002:
	Direct Remote Identification; English version prEN 4709-002:2020"		Direct Remote Identification; English version prEN 4709-002:2020" for
			which a current (early 2021) informal overview is freely available in
	[ASDRI]. It will provide compliance to cover the identical DRI		[ASDRI]. It will provide compliance to cover the identical DRI
	requirements applicable to drones of classes C1 - [Delegated] Part 2,		requirements applicable to drones of classes C1 - [Delegated] Part 2,
	C2 - [Delegated] Part 3, C3 - [Delegated] Part 4, C5 - [Amended] Part		C2 - [Delegated] Part 3, C3 - [Delegated] Part 4, C5 - [Amended] Part
	16, and C6 - [Amended] Part 17.		16, and C6 - [Amended] Part 17.
	[ASDRI] provides UA capability to be identified in real time during		The standard contemplated in [ASDRI] will provide UA capability to be
	the whole duration of the flight, without specific connectivity or		identified in real time during the whole duration of the flight,
	ground infrastructure link, utilizing existing mobile devices within		without specific connectivity or ground infrastructure link,
	broadcast range. It uses Bluetooth 4, Bluetooth 5, Wi-Fi NAN and/or		utilizing existing mobile devices within broadcast range. It will
	Wi-Fi Beacon modes. The EU standard emphasis was compatibility with		use Bluetooth 4, Bluetooth 5, Wi-Fi NAN and/or Wi-Fi Beacon modes.
	[F3411-19], although there are differences in mandatory and optional		The EU standard emphasis was compatibility with [F3411-19], although
	message types and fields.		there are differences in mandatory and optional message types and
			fields.
	The DRI system broadcasts locally:		The DRI system will broadcast locally:
	1. the UAS operator registration number;		1. the UAS operator registration number;
	2. the [CTA2063A] compliant unique serial number of the UA;		2. the [CTA2063A] compliant unique serial number of the UA;
	3. a time stamp, the geographical position of the UA, and its height		3. a time stamp, the geographical position of the UA, and its height
	AGL or above its take-off point;		AGL or above its take-off point;
	4. the UA ground speed and route course measured clockwise from true		4. the UA ground speed and route course measured clockwise from true
	north;		north;
	5. the geographical position of the remote pilot, or if that is not		5. the geographical position of the remote pilot, or if that is not
	available, the geographical position of the UA take-off point;		available, the geographical position of the UA take-off point;
	and		and
	6. for Classes C1, C2, C3, the UAS emergency status.		6. for Classes C1, C2, C3, the UAS emergency status.
	The data is sent in plain text and the UAS operator registration		The data will be sent in plain text and the UAS operator registration
	number is represented as a 16-byte string including the state code.		number will be represented as a 16-byte string including the state
	The private id part contains 3 characters which are not broadcast but		code. The private id part will contain 3 characters which are not
	used by authorities to access regional registration databases for		broadcast but used by authorities to access regional registration
	verification. The target is to revise the current standard with		databases for verification.
	additional functionality (e.g., DRIP) to be published before 2022.
			ASD-STAN also contemplates corresponding Network Remote
			Identification (NRI) functionality. The ASD-STAN RID target is to
			revise their current standard with additional functionality (e.g.,
			DRIP) to be published before 2022 [ASDRI].
	Security oriented UAS RID essentially has two goals: enable the		Security oriented UAS RID essentially has two goals: enable the
	general public to obtain and record an opaque ID for any observed UA,		general public to obtain and record an opaque ID for any observed UA,
	which they can then report to authorities; enable authorities, from		which they can then report to authorities; enable authorities, from
	such an ID, to look up information about the UAS and its operator.		such an ID, to look up information about the UAS and its operator.
	Safety oriented UAS RID has stronger requirements. Aviation		Safety oriented UAS RID has stronger requirements. Aviation
	community Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) set a higher bar		community Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) set a higher bar
	for safety than for security, especially with respect to reliability.		for safety than for security, especially with respect to reliability.
	Although dynamic establishment of secure communications between the		Although dynamic establishment of secure communications between the
	skipping to change at page 36, line 26 ¶		skipping to change at page 36, line 26 ¶
	<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.		<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
	[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC		[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
	2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,		2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
	May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.		May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
	8.2. Informative References		8.2. Informative References
	[Amended] European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Commission		[Amended] European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Commission
	Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1058 of 27 April 2020		Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1058 of 27 April 2020
	amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945", April 2020.		amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945", April 2020,
			<https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
			TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R1058>.
	[ASDRI] ASD-STAN, "Introduction to the European UAS Digital Remote		[ASDRI] ASD-STAN, "Introduction to the European UAS Digital Remote
	ID Technical Standard", January 2021.		ID Technical Standard", January 2021, <https://asd-
			stan.org/wp-content/uploads/ASD-STAN_DRI_Introduction_to_t
			he_European_digital_RID_UAS_Standard.pdf>.
	[CPDLC] Gurtov, A., Polishchuk, T., and M. Wernberg, "Controller-		[CPDLC] Gurtov, A., Polishchuk, T., and M. Wernberg, "Controller-
	Pilot Data Link Communication Security", MDPI		Pilot Data Link Communication Security", MDPI
	Sensors 18(5), 1636, 2018,		Sensors 18(5), 1636, 2018,
	<https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1636>.		<https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1636>.
	[CTA2063A] ANSI, "Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Serial Numbers",		[CTA2063A] ANSI, "Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Serial Numbers",
	September 2019.		September 2019, <https://shop.cta.tech/products/small-
			unmanned-aerial-systems-serial-numbers>.
	[Delegated]		[Delegated]
	European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Commission		European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Commission
	Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on		Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on
	unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators		unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators
	of unmanned aircraft systems", March 2019.		of unmanned aircraft systems", March 2019,
			<https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2019/945/oj>.
	[drip-architecture]		[drip-architecture]
	Card, S., Wiethuechter, A., Moskowitz, R., Zhao, S., and		Card, S., Wiethuechter, A., Moskowitz, R., Zhao, S., and
	A. Gurtov, "Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP)		A. Gurtov, "Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP)
	Architecture", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-		Architecture", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
	ietf-drip-arch-08, 21 January 2021,		ietf-drip-arch-08, 21 January 2021,
	<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-drip-arch-08>.		<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-drip-arch-08>.
	[ENISACSIRT]		[ENISACSIRT]
	European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA),		European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA),
	"Actionable information for Security Incident Response",		"Actionable information for Security Incident Response",
	November 2014, <https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/csirt-		November 2014, <https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/csirt-
	cert-services/reactive-services/copy_of_actionable-		cert-services/reactive-services/copy_of_actionable-
	information>.		information>.
	[EU2018] European Parliament and Council, "2015/0277 (COD) PE-CONS		[EU2018] European Parliament and Council, "2015/0277 (COD) PE-CONS
	2/18", February 2018.		2/18", February 2018,
			<https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/35805/easa-
			regulation-june-2018.pdf>.
	[FAACONOPS]		[FAACONOPS]
	FAA Office of NextGen, "UTM Concept of Operations v2.0",		FAA Office of NextGen, "UTM Concept of Operations v2.0",
	March 2020.		March 2020, <https://www.faa.gov/uas/research_development/
			traffic_management/media/UTM_ConOps_v2.pdf>.
	[FRUR] Federal Aviation Administration, "Remote Identification of		[FRUR] Federal Aviation Administration, "Remote Identification of
	Unmanned Aircraft", January 2021.		Unmanned Aircraft", January 2021,
			<https://www.federalregister.gov/
			documents/2021/01/15/2020-28948/remote-identification-of-
			unmanned-aircraft>.
	[I-D.maeurer-raw-ldacs]		[I-D.maeurer-raw-ldacs]
	Maeurer, N., Graeupl, T., and C. Schmitt, "L-band Digital		Maeurer, N., Graeupl, T., and C. Schmitt, "L-band Digital
	Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)", Work in		Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)", Work in
	Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-maeurer-raw-ldacs-06, 2		Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-maeurer-raw-ldacs-06, 2
	October 2020,		October 2020,
	<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-maeurer-raw-ldacs-06>.		<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-maeurer-raw-ldacs-06>.
	[ICAOATM] International Civil Aviation Organization, "Doc 4444:		[ICAOATM] International Civil Aviation Organization, "Doc 4444:
	Procedures for Air Navigation Services: Air Traffic		Procedures for Air Navigation Services: Air Traffic
	Management", November 2016.		Management", November 2016, <https://store.icao.int/en/
			procedures-for-air-navigation-services-air-traffic-
			management-doc-4444>.
	[ICAOUAS] International Civil Aviation Organization, "Circular 328:		[ICAOUAS] International Civil Aviation Organization, "Circular 328:
	Unmanned Aircraft Systems", February 2011.		Unmanned Aircraft Systems", February 2011,
			<https://www.icao.int/meetings/uas/documents/
			circular%20328_en.pdf>.
	[ICAOUTM] International Civil Aviation Organization, "Unmanned		[ICAOUTM] International Civil Aviation Organization, "Unmanned
	Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) - A Common		Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) - A Common
	Framework with Core Principles for Global Harmonization,		Framework with Core Principles for Global Harmonization,
	Edition 2", November 2019.		Edition 3", October 2020,
			<https://www.icao.int/safety/UA/Documents/
			UTM%20Framework%20Edition%203.pdf>.
	[Implementing]		[Implementing]
	European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Commission		European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Commission
	Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on		Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on
	the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned		the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned
	aircraft", May 2019.		aircraft", May 2019,
			<https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/947/oj>.
	[InitialView]		[InitialView]
	SESAR Joint Undertaking, "Initial view on Principles for		SESAR Joint Undertaking, "Initial view on Principles for
	the U-space architecture", July 2019.		the U-space architecture", July 2019,
			<https://www.sesarju.eu/sites/default/files/documents/u-
			space/SESAR%20principles%20for%20U-
			space%20architecture.pdf>.
	[NPRM] United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),		[NPRM] United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),
	"Notice of Proposed Rule Making on Remote Identification		"Notice of Proposed Rule Making on Remote Identification
	of Unmanned Aircraft Systems", December 2019.		of Unmanned Aircraft Systems", December 2019,
			<https://www.federalregister.gov/
			documents/2019/12/31/2019-28100/remote-identification-of-
			unmanned-aircraft-systems>.
	[OpenDroneID]		[OpenDroneID]
	Intel Corp., "Open Drone ID", March 2019,		Intel Corp., "Open Drone ID", March 2019,
	<https://github.com/opendroneid/specs>.		<https://github.com/opendroneid/specs>.
	[Opinion1] European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Opinion No		[Opinion1] European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), "Opinion No
	01/2020: High-level regulatory framework for the U-space",		01/2020: High-level regulatory framework for the U-space",
	March 2020.		March 2020, <https://www.easa.europa.eu/document-
			library/opinions/opinion-012020>.
	[Part107] United States Federal Aviation Administration, "Code of		[Part107] United States Federal Aviation Administration, "Code of
	Federal Regulations Part 107", June 2016.		Federal Regulations Part 107", June 2016,
			<https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=pt14.2.107>.
	[Recommendations]		[Recommendations]
	FAA UAS Identification and Tracking Aviation Rulemaking		FAA UAS Identification and Tracking Aviation Rulemaking
	Committee, "UAS ID and Tracking ARC Recommendations Final		Committee, "UAS ID and Tracking ARC Recommendations Final
	Report", September 2017.		Report", September 2017, <https://www.faa.gov/regulations_
			policies/rulemaking/committees/documents/media/
			UAS%20ID%20ARC%20Final%20Report%20with%20Appendices.pdf>.
	[RFC4122] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally		[RFC4122] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
	Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,		Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
	DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,		DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,
	<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.		<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.
	[RFC4949] Shirey, R., "Internet Security Glossary, Version 2",		[RFC4949] Shirey, R., "Internet Security Glossary, Version 2",
	FYI 36, RFC 4949, DOI 10.17487/RFC4949, August 2007,		FYI 36, RFC 4949, DOI 10.17487/RFC4949, August 2007,
	<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4949>.		<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4949>.
	skipping to change at page 39, line 5 ¶		skipping to change at page 39, line 33 ¶
	[Roadmap] American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Unmanned		[Roadmap] American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Unmanned
	Aircraft Systems Standardization Collaborative (UASSC),		Aircraft Systems Standardization Collaborative (UASSC),
	"Standardization Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems		"Standardization Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
	draft v2.0", April 2020, <https://share.ansi.org/Shared		draft v2.0", April 2020, <https://share.ansi.org/Shared
	Documents/Standards Activities/UASSC/		Documents/Standards Activities/UASSC/
	UASSC_20-001_WORKING_DRAFT_ANSI_UASSC_Roadmap_v2.pdf>.		UASSC_20-001_WORKING_DRAFT_ANSI_UASSC_Roadmap_v2.pdf>.
	[Stranger] Heinlein, R.A., "Stranger in a Strange Land", June 1961.		[Stranger] Heinlein, R.A., "Stranger in a Strange Land", June 1961.
	[WG105] EUROCAE, "WG-105 draft Minimum Operational Performance		[WG105] EUROCAE, "WG-105 draft ED-282 Minimum Operational
	Standards (MOPS) for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)		Performance Standards (MOPS) for Unmanned Aircraft System
	Electronic Identification", June 2020.		(UAS) Electronic Identification", June 2020.
	[WiFiNAN] Wi-Fi Alliance, "Wi-Fi Aware™ Specification Version 3.2",		[WiFiNAN] Wi-Fi Alliance, "Wi-Fi Aware™ Specification Version 3.2",
	October 2020.		October 2020, <https://www.wi-fi.org/downloads-registered-
			guest/Wi-Fi_Aware_Specification_v3.2.pdf/29731>.
	Appendix A. Discussion and Limitations		Appendix A. Discussion and Limitations
	This document is largely based on the process of one SDO, ASTM.		This document is largely based on the process of one SDO, ASTM.
	Therefore, it is tailored to specific needs and data formats of this		Therefore, it is tailored to specific needs and data formats of this
	standard. Other organizations, for example in EU, do not necessary		standard. Other organizations, for example in EU, do not necessary
	follow the same architecture.		follow the same architecture.
	The need for drone ID and operator privacy is an open discussion		The need for drone ID and operator privacy is an open discussion
	topic. For instance, in the ground vehicular domain each car carries		topic. For instance, in the ground vehicular domain each car carries
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