Skip to main content

‘A Sea of Men’: Supporting Men as Fathers Through Outdoor Learning Experiences

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 434 Accesses

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Alternative Education ((PSAE))

Abstract

This chapter explores how outdoor learning practitioners might begin to address issues of hegemonic masculinity which remain prevalent in society and within the sector. The chapter focuses on fathers who attend dads’ group activities in two Forest School settings in the UK and analyses how the six female staff in this study sensitively manage masculinities in the field. While the chapter presents findings from a small-scale study of community-based parenting initiatives, the author draws attention to the wider implications for practice and debates in the outdoor learning sector as a whole.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    These are part of The Dangerous Dads Network, a social enterprise that I established in 2007 in partnership with the national charity Action for Children. The ‘Dangerous Dads’ model is one based on active, fun and challenging events for father figures from all backgrounds and ages, with their children, daughters as well as sons (www.dangerousdads.org.uk). While I am involved in the Network, the life stories of interview participants were unknown to me prior to the study.

References

  • Adamsons, K., & Pasley, K. (2013). Refining identity theory to better account for relationships and context: Applications to fathering. Journal of Family Theory Review, 5, 159–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandth, B., & Haugen, M. S. (2005). Text, body, and tools: Changing mediations of rural masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 8(2), 148–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandth, B., & Kvande, E. (2018). Masculinity and fathering alone during parental leave. Men and Masculinities, 21(1), 72–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brussoni, M., Olsen, L. L., Creighton, G., & Oliffe, J. L. (2013). Heterosexual gender relations in and around childhood risk and safety. Qualitative Health Research, 23(10), 1388–1398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coakley, J. (2006). The good father: Parental expectations and youth sports. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 153–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coles, T. (2009). Negotiating the field of masculinity: The production and reproduction of multiple dominant masculinities. Men and Masculinities, 12(1), 30–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creighton, G., Brussoni, M., Oliffe, J., & Olsen, L. (2015). Fathers on child’s play: Urban and rural Canadian perspectives. Men and Masculinities, 18(5), 559–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dermott, E. (2014). Intimate fatherhood: A sociological analysis. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, W. J., Kouneski, E. F., & Erickson, M. F. (1998). Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 20(3), 277–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, A. (2014). ‘I’ve learnt what a dad should do’: The interaction of masculine and fathering identities among men who attended a ‘dads only’ parenting programme. Sociology, 48(4), 812–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doucet, A. (2011). It’s just not good for a man to be interested in other people’s children’: Fathers, public displays of care and ‘relevant others. In E. Dermott & J. Seymour (Eds.), Displaying families. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doucet, A. (2018). Do men mother? Fathering, care and domestic responsibility. University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earley, V., Fairbrother, H., & Curtis, P. (2019). Displaying good fathering through the construction of physical activity as intimate practice. Families, Relationships and Societies, 8(2), 213–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, H., & Hogan, F. (2004). Strengthening families through fathers: Developing policy and practice in relation to vulnerable fathers and their families. The Centre for Social and Family Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavanas, A. (2004). Domesticating masculinity and masculinizing domesticity in contemporary US fatherhood politics. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 11(2), 247–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghate, D., Shaw, C., & Hazel, N. (2000). How family centres are working with fathers. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, P., Manby, M., & Pickburn, C. (2012). Fathers’ involvement in children’s services: Exploring local and national issues in ‘Moorlandstown’. British Journal of Social Work, 42(3), 500–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1977). The Arrangement between the Sexes. Theory and Society, 4(3), 301–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodsell, T. L. (2005). Fatherhood and the social organization of space: An essay in subjective geography. In W. Marsiglio, K. Roy, & G. L. Fox (Eds.), Situated fathering: A focus on physical and social spaces (pp. 27–47). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorman-Murray, A., & Hopkins, P. (Eds.). (2015). Masculinities and place. Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, T., & Mitten, D. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habib, C. (2012). The transition to fatherhood: A literature review exploring paternal involvement with identity theory. Journal of Family Studies, 18(2–3), 103–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, E. (2018). Supporting young men as fathers: Gendered understandings of group-based community provisions. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hantover, J. P. (1978). The Boy Scouts and the validation of masculinity. Journal of Social Issues, 34(1), 184–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington, M. (2009). Sport mad, good dads: Australian fathering through leisure and sport practices. In T. A. Kay (Ed.), Fathering through sport and leisure (pp. 67–88). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henwood, K., & Procter, J. (2003). The ‘good father’: Reading men’s accounts of paternal involvement during the transition to first-time fatherhood. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(3), 337–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Höfner, C., Schadler, C., & Richter, R. (2011). When men become fathers: Men’s identity at the transition to parenthood. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 42(5), 669–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holter, Ø. G. (2014). “What’s in it for men?”: Old question, new data. Men and Masculinities, 17(5), 515–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humberstone, B. (1995). Bringing outdoor education into the physical education agenda: Gender identities and social change. Quest, 47(2), 144–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, S. C., Riggs, D. W., & Augoustinos, M. (2017). Hegemonic masculinity versus a caring masculinity: Implications for understanding primary caregiving fathers. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(3), e12307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • John, A., Halliburton, A., & Humphrey, J. (2013). Child–mother and child–father play interaction patterns with preschoolers. Early Child Development and Care, 183(3–4), 483–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, T. A. (Ed.). (2009). Fathering through sport and leisure. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, J., & Russell, C. (2020). Hegemonic masculinity in outdoor education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2020.1755706

  • Kimmel, M. S. (Ed.). (1995). The politics of manhood. Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, M. E. (Ed.). (2010). The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaRossa, R. (1988). Fatherhood and social change. Family Relations, 37(4), 451–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magrath, R., Cleland, J., & Anderson, E. (Eds.). (2020). The Palgrave handbook of masculinity and sport. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W., & Cohan, M. (2000). Contextualizing father involvement and paternal influence. Marriage and Family Review, 29(2–3), 75–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W., Roy, K., & Fox, G. L. (Eds.). (2005). Situated fathering: A focus on physical and social spaces. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T. (2011). Making sense of fatherhood: Gender, caring and work. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, J., Whitting, G., & Mclean, C. (2008). A review of how fathers can be better recognised and supported through DCSF policy. Department for Children, Schools and Families.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palkovitz, R., & Hull, J. (2018). Toward a resource theory of fathering. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 181–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasley, K., Petren, R. E., & Fish, J. N. (2014). Use of Identity Theory to inform fathering scholarship. Journal of Family Theory Review, 6(4), 298–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pleck, J. H. (2004). Men’s power with women, other men, and society: A men’s movement analysis. In P. F. Murphy (Ed.), Feminism and masculinities (pp. 57–68). OUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, S., Woodall, J., Henry, H., Hanna, H., Rowlands, S., Horrocks, J., Livesley, J., & Long, T. (2016). Evaluating a community-led project for improving fathers’ and children’s well-being in England’. Health Promotion International. ISSN: 1460-2245. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daw090

  • Saldaña, J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., & Fagan, J. (2020). The evolution of fathering research in the 21st century: Persistent challenges, new directions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 175–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scoats, R., & Robinson, S. (2020). From Stoicism to Bromance: Millennial men’s friendships. In R. Magrath, J. Cleland, & E. Anderson (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of masculinity and sport (pp. 379–392). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Such, L. (2009). Fatherhood, the morality of personal time and leisure-based parenting. In T. Kay (Ed.), Fathering through sport and leisure (pp. 89–103). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trussell, D. E., & Shaw, S. M. (2012). Organized youth sport and parenting in public and private spaces. Leisure Sciences, 34(5), 377–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, M. R. M., Tarrant, A., Terry, G., Featherstone, B., Robb, M., & Ruxton, S. (2017). Doing gender locally: The importance of ‘place’ in understanding marginalised masculinities and young men’s transitions to ‘safe’ and successful futures. Sociological Review, 65(4), 797–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, K. (2016). Gender in outdoor studies. In B. Humberstone, H. Prince, & K. A. Henderson (Eds.), Routledge international handbook of outdoor studies (pp. 360–368). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. (2008). What is fatherhood? Searching for the reflexive father. Sociology, 42(3), 487–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willms, N. (2009). Fathers and daughters: Negotiating gendered relationships in sport. In T. Kay (Ed.), Fathering through sport and leisure (pp. 124–144). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. R., & Prior, M. R. (2010). Father involvement: The importance of paternal solo care. Early Child Development and Care, 180(10), 1391–1405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wissö, T. (2018). Researching fatherhood and place: Adopting an ethnographic approach. In E. Dermott & C. Gatrell (Eds.), Fathers, families and relationships: Researching everyday lives (pp. 89–108). Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Blackwell, I. (2022). ‘A Sea of Men’: Supporting Men as Fathers Through Outdoor Learning Experiences. In: Cutting, R., Passy, R. (eds) Contemporary Approaches to Outdoor Learning. Palgrave Studies in Alternative Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85095-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85095-1_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85094-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85095-1

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics